A. Comprehension check
1:
1. F 2.T 3.N 4.T 5.F
2:
(A) b
(B) Exercise helps you burn the extra fat that is stored in the body.
(C) 1. When we exercise, our body can release endorphins, chemicals that
create a happy feeling.
2. When we are breathing deeply during exercise and bringing more air
into our longs, our brain enjoys the extra oxygen.
3. When we are active and running around, sometimes it is hard to think
about what was bothering us.
3: For discussion
B. Sentence Functions
1:
a. It makes my heart happy.
b. It makes my muscles stronger.
c. It makes me flexible.
d. It keeps me at a healthy weight.
2: Questions and Answers vary.
C. Reading Skills
1:
1. 5 headings
2. Exercise makes your heart happy.
Lesson 1
3. Exercise keeps you at a healthy weight.
4. Exercise makes you feel good.
5. He wants to give the reader several reasons why exercise is important.
He puts each reason under one heading.
2:
Word
Paragraph
Number
Definition
aerobic 3 needing oxygen
repetitive 3 that you do over and over
endorphins 7 chemicals that create a happy feeling
proud 8 feeling better about yourself
D. Vocabulary Review
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B
Focus on Grammar
1. When (وقتي که)
2. Because (چون)
3. Condition (The idea that neither this condition nor that condition
matters).(چه اين چه آن)
Grammar Practice
1:
1.c 2.e 3. a 4.b 5.d
2:
1. whether
3. when
3. as
4. as
5. since
3:
1. As I felt really tired, I stayed at home and had a rest.
2. The little boy felt lonely since no one played with him.
4. You will have to do this job whether you like it or not.
5. Ali heard the news on the radio as he was driving home.
6. My brother usually gets a headache when he watches TV for a long
time.
A. Comprehension check
1:
1. F 2.T 3.T 4.N 5.T
2:
(A) C
(B) Suggested answer: To build a warm and positive relationship with the
audience you can have friendly facial expressions.
(C) Be aware of habits you might have like crossing your arms, leaning
against a wall, or tapping a pen.
3:
Statement Good effect Bad effect
1. Bad effect
2. Bad effect
3. Good effect
4. Bad effect
5. Good effect
4: For discussion. Suggested answers
1. Voice projection
2. Teaching, business, religion…
3. Yes, they can. Giving speech is a skill that everyone can learn with
practice.
B. Sentence Functions
1: (Suggested answers)
1. Use pauses instead of saying “Uh”, and “Umm” and you “know”.
Lesson 2
2. Increase and decrease the volume of your voice to emphasize main
points.
3. Record your voice to see where changes are necessary.
2:
Aspects of giving a speech How Dave can improve this aspect?
1. Keep eye contact with the audience.
2. Ok
3. Use an attractive opening sentence.
4. Ok
5. Involve the audience by asking questions.
6.
Include personal stories to add fun to your
speech.
7. Use humor in your speech.
8. Ok
9.
Change the volume of your voice for
emphasis.
C. Reading Skills
Word Meaning
silence being silent
confident having confidence
emotionless without emotion
facial on a person’s face
react Act or behave as a result
D. Vocabulary Review
1. b 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. a
Focus on Grammar (1)
Verb + object + bare infinitive Verb + object + infinitive
help , let, make help, allow, force
Grammar Practice
1:
1. lets …ride
2. lets …read
3. lets …work
4. makes …do
5. make …understand
2:
1. He makes them take the course seriously.
2. He makes them work hard.
3. He doesn’t let them leave without permission.
4. He doesn’t let them be late for class.
5. He makes them take notes during his presentation.
3:
1. You will improve your speaking ability by practicing hard.
2. You can make more eye contact by knowing your speech well.
3. You will distract your audience by moving too much.
4. You will show respect to your audience by wearing formal clothes.
5. You can make your lecture interesting by using your sense of humor.
6. You can control your nervousness by breathing deeply several times.
A. Comprehension check
1:
1. T 2. F 3.T 4.N 5.T
2:
(A)
Describing weather Describing climate Effects of global warming
Describing Weather 3, 6
Describing Climate 2, 5
Effects of Global Warming 1, 4
(B) Scientists think that as we use more gasoline and electricity, the earth is
going to get warmer. They believe that we know enough about the problem to
take some actions.
(C) It means to catch and keep heat in the atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases like Co2 and methane make the earth warmer by trapping
heat in the atmosphere.
3: For discussion
B. Sentence Functions
1:
a. Climate change is a change in the general weather patterns.
b. Solar energy is the energy that comes from the sun.
2:
a. Forest is a large area of land covered with trees, bushes, etc.
Lesson 3
b. Researcher is a person who studies something to find out more about
it.
c. Trash is things that we throw away because we do not want or need
them.
C. Reading skills
1:
Check if it refers to
something
Pronoun /
Adjective
Paragraph &
line number
Before after
Copy down what it refers to
itself P1 , L3, before, the earth
another P1 , L4, after, the reason that human activities like cutting down the trees,
producing trash, and burning fuels are making the earth warmer
its P3 , L3, before, city
they P4 , L5, before, scientists
this P5 , L8, before, what scientists tell us about the possible effects of climate change
2:
word meaning
global= of the whole world
mild= not cold
save= dont use too much
decrease= go down
reduce= bring down
solar= of the sun
inaction= lack of action
D. Vocabulary Review
1.a 2.c 3.b 4.b 5.a
Grammar Practice
1:
1. written 2. studying 3. concerned 4. written 5. releasing
2:
1. The cars releasing green house gases………..
2. The scientists ……….. problem caused by human beings.
3. Anyone interested in healthy living ………..
4. The plastic bags produced in this factory………………. .
5. The cars making a lot of noise pollution……………………….. .
3:
1. Acid rain created by burning of gas, oil, and coal destroys forests.
2. Factories burning coal and oil help increase pollution.
3. The greenhouse effect enhanced by human activities is dangerous or
the planet.
4. Trash believed to be useless can be burned to produce energy.
5. Farming produces another greenhouse gas called methane.
A. comprehension check
1:
1. T 2.F 3.F 4.N 5.T
2:
(A) b
(B) The problem is finding the exact area where and when a strong shock will
happen.
(C) occur in less populated places.
3: For Discussion
B. Sentence Functions
Stay calm.
Stand in a doorway.
Go under a desk or a table.
Stay away from the windows.
Lesson 4
C. Reading Skills
1:
Put
mark
More
other
lessons
Functions
,P1, L2,5
P3, L4, 5
P8, L5, 7
P9, L2, 4, 6
P10, L2
Lesson 1
P1, L3
P2, L2
P7, L2
Lesson 2
P7, L1
Lesson 3
P1, L2
P6, L2
- to separate words or phrases in a list
- used before and after a clause or phrase that gives
extra information about the noun it follows
- to separate phrases or clauses
- to separate an introductory word or phrase
:
P1 L1 Lesson 3
P2 L1
P3 L1
P7 L1
Lesson 1
P6 L1
- to introduce a list of items before a clause or phrase
that gives more information about the main clause to
introduce one’s exact words
; P3 L4 Lesson 2
P9 L3
Lesson 4
P3 L4
- to separate a phrase from the rest of a sentence or
show a summary or conclusion
- used before and after a phrase to give extra
information
_ Lesson 3
P5, L2
P8, L1
- to separate a phrase from the rest of a sentence to
show a summary or conclusion
- used before and after a phrase to give extra
information
2:
Word Paragraph meaning
layer 1 a flat piece of sth or a quality of sth that covers a surface or
that is between two other things
cabinet 7 cupboard; piece of furniture with shelves and drawers to keep
things
mechanism 7 the way sth work
underpass 9 a road that passes under another one
overpass 9 a road that passes over another one
D.
1.c 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.b
Focus on Grammar
1. …so …. too
2. …such…
3. …enough…
4. …enough…
5. …so…
6. …enough/too…
7. …too…
Grammar practice
1:
1. so 2. enough 3. too 4. so 5. such
2:
1. … experience enough… .
…enough experience… .
2. …such simple… .
…so simple… .
3. … so
…such… .
4. … too … .
….so … .
5. …too fast … .
…fast enough… .
3:
1. The Teacher spoke so quickly that the students could not understand
him.
2. It was such a hot day that we decided to go swimming.
3. That dress is too expensive for Sheila to buy.
4. There is not enough light to take the photographs.
5. The room is large enough to hold at least 30 guests.
A. Comprehension Check
1:
1.F 2.T 3.N 4.T 5.F
2:
(A) C
(B) Luckily, people are becoming aware of the serious social,
economic and developmental effects of child labor.
(C) It shows why the employers hire children.
3: For Discussion
B. Sentence Functions
1:
a. Work done around the house.
b. Work for an organization during the summer or over a vacation to
learn about a specific kind of work
2:
a. factories with harmful smokes in the air.
b. handling dangerous materials
c. using tools and machines which are not designed for them.
3:
a. pressure of poverty
b. adult unemployment
c. irrelevant education system
C. Reading Skills
Lesson 5
1:
1.2 2.1 3.7 4.9 5.6 6.2 7.8 8.4
2:
word paragraph meaning
handle 5 touch
economically 6 of the economy
estimate 6 guess
hire 8 employ
discipline 8 control
strategy 9 way of doing sth
D. vocabulary review
1. prevent 2. willing 3. poverty 4. handle 5. common
6. emotional 7. education 8. specific
Grammar Practice
1:
1. Some ………, while others disagree.
2. Ali likes ………., whereas his brother enjoys pop music.
3. Some…………, while others do not.
4. Farid is ……….., whereas his……………... .
5. Tabriz …………, while Abadan………….. .
6. Mrs Rahimi ………… , while her husband doesn’t care about them.
2:
1. Sima likes hard work, while Leila is a bit lazy.
2. Sima plays indoor sports, whereas Leila likes outdoor sports.
3. Sima reads a lot of books, whereas Leila watches TV a lot.
4. While Sima gets up very early, Leila gets out of bed rather late.
5. Sima wants to go to university, whereas Leila is not interested in
higher education.
3:
1. ………, his brother is quite lazy
2. ………., while others send them to school/ dont let their children
work.
3. ………… others don’t pay much attention to them.
4. …………., child labor is common in rural areas.
5. ………….., work that stops children from going to school is child
labor.
A. Comprehension Check
1:
1. F 2.T 3.N 4.F 5.T
2:
(A) d
(B) try to find more about Earth, the solar system and what is beyond.
(C) they are thinking of building places to live on the moon, or even Mars.
3: For Discussion
B. Sentence functions
a. A space probe is a robot vehicle used in order to explore deep space.
b. A satellite is any natural body, like the moon, or any artificial object that orbits
another object.
c. A telescope is an instrument that magnifies or makes larger, distant objects.
Voyager I , Voyager II, Viking I and Viking II
- Oxygen can be taken from some moon’s rocks.
- Ice at the moon poles can be used to provide a moon base with water.
- For electricity the base could use solar energy.
Lesson 6
C. Reading skills
1:
When Who?/ What? The event
1609 Galileo using the first telescope
1659 Issac Newton using a better telescope to
observe other objects in space.
1957 Former Soviet Union launching Sputnik I
1967-1972 Apollo mission landing humans on the moon
1976 Viking I and II landing on Mars
1977 Voyager I and II sending back pictures from
space
1998 ISS launching of the first units of
the ISS
2:
Word Paragraph meaning
Cave 1 a large hole in a
side of a cliff or hill,
or under the ground.
Device 1 an instrument
Era 7 period
pole 8 two opposite ends of
the axis
Mineral 8 a substance such as
salt that is formed
naturally in rocks.
D. Vocabulary Review
1. vehicles 2. details 3. magnify 4. observed
5. artificial 6. distant 7. allowed 8. measured
Grammar Practice
1:
1. to/in order to
2. so that
3. to/in order to
4. to/ in order to
5. so that
2:
1. I’m going to the library to return a book.
2. I get up early every day to get to school on time.
3. He went to Canada to continue his studies.
4. They launched a new space probe to learn more about Mars.
5. She exercises regularly to remain healthy.
3:
1. He has ………. in order to get more exercise.
2. I …………. so as not to forget it.
3. Ali …………….. so that he could see the football game.
4. Mary ……………….. so that she can ……………. car.
5. Reza………………… so as not to disturb his roommate.
A. Comprehension check
1:
1. F 2.T 3.N 4.F 5.T
2:
(A) a
(B) The main difference between reading a newspaper and reading
the news on the web is that in the first one others decide what news we
get to see and what comments to put on it, whereas in the second one we
decide what to read.
(C) No one can know all the details about the Net since different
parts of it have already developed their own features.
3: For Discussion
B. Sentence Functions
Definition
a. A computer is a programmable machine that accepts data and
processes them into information we can use.
b. Online means using a computer or other information devices,
connected by means of a network, to access information and services.
c. The Internet is a system that lets computers all over the world talk to
each other.
Lesson 7
Examples of
a. personal computers (PCS), new forms of telescopes, television,
different handheld devices.
b. telephone, radio, television, internet
c. web, newsgroups, mailing lists and chat.
d. postal mail, the fax machine, the public library, the newspaper.
e. e-mail, access to web, newsgroups, mailing lists, file transfers, the
ability to log on to other computers.
Explanation
The Internet is great since it brings together the best qualities of the
communication systems that were used before and, at the same time, improves on
their worst features.
D. Reading skills
1:
One of the most interesting things about information is that we are able to get and
use it on many new and different kinds of information technologies such as
computers, radios, TVs, telephones, fax machines, etc. Among all these, computers
have attracted the most attention since they have made it possible to store and
process a large amount of information in a very short time.
But in today’s world, people need to share information as well. This is done
through a technology that connects the computers all over the world together,
called "Internet" This technology has made it possible for people to communicate
with one another effectively and inexpensively. There are many things to do, see,
and play with on the Internet than you could ever get to in a lifetime. The Internet
provides many information services such as e-mail, file transfers, access to stored
information and programs, newsgroups, and multimedia resources. You can do
online shopping, chat, find jobs, advertise, and have education from distance.
However, the Internet is so great that we will never be able to know all the details
about it.
2:
Word Paragraph Meaning
handheld 1 Things you can hold in your
hand
connect 1 Join
destination 5 A place to which sb/sth is
going or being sent
update 5 To add the most recent
information to sth
D. Vocabulary review
1. destination 2. definitions 3. save 4. access
5. connected 6. advertising 7. forwarded 8. purpose
Focus on Grammar
1 اگرچه، گرچه .
2. contrast, تقابل، تضاد
Grammar Practice
1:
1.e 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.b
2:
1. Although the weather was bad, we went ………
2. ………, though she didn’t really need it.
3. Even though…… , he never sends me any e-mails.
4. Although …………, he doesn’t help the poor.
5. Though Anita………..., she never does any exercise.
3:
1. ………, it may cause some problems.
2. ………, though she is only a beginner.
3. ………, there are a number of accidents each year.
4. ………., it is used by different organizations today.
5. …………, we have to use it most of the time.
A. Comprehension Check
1:
1.N 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F
6.F 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.N
2:
(A) a
(B) a
(C) Mother Teresa felt she had a duty to help the poor.
Thomas Edison never stopped studying and experimenting.
3: For Discussion
B. Reading skills
1:
Mother Teresa
1910 born in Skopje
1922 was a student at a Roman Catholic elementary school
1928 became a nun
1929 taught at St. Marys high school
1946 left the convent and devoted herself to working among the poor.
1950 started her own religious community.
1979 received the Noble Peace Prize
1997 died
Lesson 8
2:
Unfamiliar Word Paragraph Meaning
training MT 1 practical teaching
superior MT 2 person having a higher rank
official MT 2 person in charge
impression MT 2 influence
annoy TE 2 make sb. sad/upset
C. Vocabulary Review
1. permission 2. suffers 3. dedicated 4. training
5. performance 6. join 7. religious 8. annoyed
Focus on Grammar
No, she isnt. She doesnt have enough information.
Thomas Edison
1847 was born
1871 started his first lab
1871 married
1
1876 built a big factory
1877 invented the phonograph
1879 developed the first successful light bulb
1931 died
Grammar Practice
1:
1. ……………… should……………… .
2. ………………must………………….. .
3. ………………should……………….. .
4. ………………may/might…………… .
2:
1. She may have forgotten that she has a class.
2. She must have left home too late.
3. You should have e-mailed me.
4. I might have left them in my car.
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